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waste pond
A waste pond or chemical pond is a small impounded water body used for the disposal of water pollutants, and sometimes utilized as a method of recycling or decomposing toxic substances. Such waste ponds may be used for regular disposal of pollutant materials or may be used as upset receivers for special pollution events.〔(U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission details of handling certain upset events )〕 Often, chemical ponds themselves are addressed for cleanup action after their useful life is over or when a risk of groundwater contamination arises.〔(Idaho National Laboratory: U.S. Department of Energy, EPA ID# ID4890008952 )〕 Peak usage of waste ponds in the United States occurred in the period 1955 to 1985, after which the environmental risks of pond technology were sufficiently understood,〔David Crimp, Leda Patmore et al., ''Environmental Assessment of Kaiser Refractories Waste Pond, Moss Landing, California'', Earth Metrics Inc., Santa Cruz County, California and the State of California Environmental Clearinghouse (1976)〕 such that alternative technologies for waste disposal gradually began to displace many of the waste ponds. Waste ponds often have pond liners, such as concrete or robust synthetic polymeric materials, to prevent infiltration of chemicals to soil or groundwater.
==Examples==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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